Step 1: Research and Planning
Game Selection
- Emulation Software: Begin by selecting your emulation software. RetroPie is the most popular choice for Raspberry Pi arcade builds due to its user-friendly interface and wide compatibility with retro game systems.
- Game List: Create a list of the games you want on your arcade machine. RetroPie supports a vast library of games, but you’ll need to find ROMs (game files) for the specific titles you want to include. Be sure to research the legality of ROM usage in your area.
Cabinet Design

- Sketch Your Cabinet: Design your arcade cabinet on paper or using digital design tools. Consider factors like the cabinet’s size, shape, and style. There are many online templates and resources available for arcade cabinet designs.
- Materials and Tools: Determine what materials you’ll need for construction. Common choices include MDF (medium-density fiberboard) or plywood for the cabinet, acrylic or plexiglass for the display screen, and various hardware like screws and brackets.
Controls
- Button Layout: Decide on the layout of buttons and joystick(s) on your control panel. Research classic arcade button layouts for inspiration. Consider the number of players you want to accommodate.
- Button Types: Choose the type of buttons and joystick(s) you want. Some prefer traditional arcade-style buttons, while others opt for more modern Sanwa or Seimitsu components.
Step 2: Gather Your Materials
Raspberry Pi and Accessories
- Raspberry Pi: Ensure you have a Raspberry Pi board, preferably a Raspberry Pi 4 for optimal performance.
- MicroSD Card: You’ll need a microSD card (16GB or larger) to install the RetroPie operating system.
- Power Supply: Get a suitable power supply for your Raspberry Pi.
Cabinet Components
- Display: Find a display monitor or LCD screen. You might repurpose an old computer monitor or purchase a small HDMI-compatible display.
- Audio Components: Source speakers and an audio amplifier or USB sound card for audio output.
- Wiring and Connectors: Purchase wiring, connectors, and GPIO extension cables as needed for connecting buttons, joysticks, and other components.
- Control Components: Acquire arcade buttons, joystick(s), and a USB encoder board to connect controls to the Raspberry Pi.
Step 3: Building Your Cabinet
Cutting and Assembly

- Measure and Cut: Measure and cut your wood or MDF sheets according to your cabinet design. Make precise cuts for the sides, front, back, and control panel.
- Assembly: Assemble the cabinet pieces using screws or other fasteners. Ensure that everything fits together snugly. Consider adding reinforcements for stability.
Installing Controls

- Control Panel: Attach the control panel to the front of the cabinet. Drill holes for buttons and joystick(s) and mount them securely.
- Wiring: Connect the buttons and joystick(s) to the USB encoder board. Follow the wiring diagram provided with your encoder board to ensure correct connections.
Adding the Display
- Monitor Mounting: Secure the monitor inside the cabinet. Mounting methods may vary based on your design. Ensure the screen is positioned at a comfortable height and angle for gaming.
- Screen Protection: If using plexiglass or acrylic for the display, add a protective bezel or cover to prevent damage.
Step 4: Setting Up the Raspberry Pi
RetroPie Installation
- Download RetroPie: Visit the RetroPie website and download the latest version of the RetroPie image for Raspberry Pi.
- Flash the Image: Use a program like Etcher to flash the RetroPie image onto your microSD card.
- Initial Configuration: Insert the microSD card into your Raspberry Pi and boot it up. Follow the on-screen prompts to configure your controls, connect to Wi-Fi, and set up other preferences.
- Adding Games: Transfer your legally acquired game ROMs to the appropriate folders on your Raspberry Pi using a USB drive or network transfer.
Step 5: Fine-Tuning and Customization
- Artwork and Decor: Paint and decorate your cabinet according to your design. Apply vinyl decals, custom artwork, or even a marquee with your arcade’s name.
- Software Tweaks: Customize RetroPie settings for optimal performance, including display resolution, sound output, and emulator configurations.
Step 6: Enjoy the Fruits of Your Labor
With your Raspberry Pi arcade machine up and running, invite friends and family over for some retro gaming fun. Don’t forget to continuously update and maintain your arcade machine, adding new games and features to keep the excitement going.
Building your own arcade machine is a rewarding project that combines your passion for gaming and technology with valuable DIY skills. So, go ahead and level up your gaming experience with a custom-made, Raspberry Pi-powered arcade cabinet! 🕹️🎮👾